In this study two new global descriptors for chemical reactivity are proposed, namely the electrophilic power and nucleophilic power. These have been developed by performing the normalization of the local electrophilic power and local nucleophilic power respectively, which were recently proposed elsewhere. In particular, the usefulness of both global and local electrophilic power was evaluated by studying the chemical reactivity of six series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds whose experimental reactivity measures toward the nucleophile glutathione are available. It was observed in the majority of the cases the global and local electrophilic powers work as better than the popular global and local electrophilicity indices, respectively.

In the present work a structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for some derivatives of 5-(5-nitroheteroaryl)-1,3,4-thiadiazols with activity against protozoan Leishmania major; the main cause of leishmaniasis disease was performed. The set of descriptors used to build regression models were from electronic and topological nature, and derived from the density functional theory. QSAR models built enjoy a good statistical quality (R² > 0,6 and Q²> 0,5) and were validated by cross-validation technique. Moreover, parameters were improved by using the jackknife regression technique. External validation of models showed a good predictive quality. We found that descriptors from the models indicate the increasing of dipole moment and hydrophobicity index tends to worsen the biological activity. Also, electrophilic power improves the effectiveness of 5-(5-nitroheteroaryl)-1,3,4-thiadiazols.The analysis showed that the reactivity nitro group present in these compounds is the most reactive derivative of such part.

En este trabajo se analizaron las relaciones de estructura-actividad para un grupo de derivados del compuesto 5-(nitroheteroaril)-1,3,4-tiadiazol con actividad leishmanicida frente a Leishmania major. Los descriptores utilizados para construir los modelos de regresión fueron de naturaleza topológica y electrónica, derivados de la teoría del funcional de la densidad. Los modelos QSAR obtenidos presentaron buena calidad estadística (R²>0,6 y Q²>0,5), y se validaron mediante la técnica de validación cruzada dejando uno fuera. Los modelos se mejoraron utilizando la técnica jackknife. La validación externa de los modelos indicó buena capacidad predictiva. Por otra parte, los descriptores usados en los modelos indican que el aumento creciente del momento dipolar y el índice de hidrofobicidad disminuyen la actividad biológica. Además, el poder electrofílico aumenta la actividad de los derivados. El análisis de reactividad mostró que el grupo nitro presente en estos compuestos es la parte más reactiva de los derivados.

In this work, the electrophilic and nucleophilic power indices were developed in the basis of canonical and grand canonical ensembles respectively, also local versions of these indices has been derived in analogy to philicity concept by Chattaraj. It can be observed that local electrophilic power and local nucleophilic power contain a third order response function, namely the hyperhardness, which recently has been considered for its chemical relevance. Also, the reactivity indices proposed here were tested by predicting the relative reactivity of molecules within three series of compounds (butyl-lithium isomers, carbonyl compounds, and aromatic motifs). In general, the global reactivity indices were in agreement with the experimental observations, while local versions shown a good representation of the site reactivity of the majority of studied system giving better results in some of cases if matched with both the Fukui functions and dual descriptor.

In the present work was performed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for a set of derivatives of 1,4-quinoxaline N-oxides with antichagasic activity based on reactivity descriptors from the frame conceptual DFT. QSAR models showed a good statistical quality and capacity internal prediction with R2 > 0.6 and Q2> 0.5 respectively. QSAR model suggest that antichagasic activity of the studied compounds depends largely from the reactive behavior of N-oxide group (N-O). Also, reactivity descriptors showed that the N-oxide group is a reactive site in theses derivatives with nucleophilic characteristics. The results QSAR shed light on the understanding of the mechanism of action and design of new drugs based on derivatives of 1,4-di-N-oxides quinoxaline.

We used conceptual DFT to study global and local reactivity of both nonfunctionalized and functionalized activated carbons, with groups -OH,-CHO, -NH2, -COOH, and -CONH2. Electron-withdrawing groups were observed to increase the reactive surface, while electro-donating groups increase stability as reactivity of the activated carbon decreases. Descriptor groups were used to study the reactivity of structural fragments of activated carbons. The electrophilic and nucleophilic sites indicate that the carbon surface has an amphiphilic behavior that allows it to be used as an adsorbent material for a variety of molecules.

Potential energy surface (PES) of cis-trans and trans-trans formic acid dimers were sampled using a stochastic method, and the geometries, energies, and vibrational frequencies were computed at B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory. The results show that molar free energy of dimerization deviated up to 108.4% when basis set superposition error (BSSE) and zero-point energy (ZPE) were not considered. For cis-trans dimers, C=O and O - H bond weakened, whereas C - O bonds strengthened due to dimerization. Also, trans-trans FA dimers did not show a trend regarding strengthening or weakening of the C=O, O - H and C - O bonds.